• Deploying Namecoin Core + ElectrumX on Debian
  • What Gets Deployed
  • Binary Verification: Guix Signatures
  • The Deployment Script
    • What happens under the hood
  • Post-Deployment
  • WebSocket Transport (WS/WSS)
    • The websockets version fix
    • Verify WebSocket connectivity
  • Requirements
  • Links

§Deploying Namecoin Core + ElectrumX on Debian

Running your own Namecoin full node and ElectrumX server strengthens the network and gives you sovereign access to name resolution. This guide covers automated deployment of both on Debian, with proper binary verification.

The full guide and script are part of PR #749 to the Namecoin docs site.

§What Gets Deployed

• Namecoin Core 28.0 — full node with txindex=1 for ElectrumX compatibility
• Namecoin ElectrumX on the protocol-1.4.3-v1 branch (with WebSocket fix)

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                     Your Debian Server                    │
│                                                           │
│  ┌─────────────────┐       ┌──────────────────────────┐  │
│  │  Namecoin Core   │ RPC   │  ElectrumX               │  │
│  │  (namecoind)     │◄─────►│  (protocol-1.4.3-v1)     │  │
│  │                  │:8336  │                           │  │
│  │  txindex=1       │       │  COIN=Namecoin            │  │
│  │  Full blockchain │       │                            │  │
│  └─────────────────┘       └──────┬───────┬────────────┘  │
│                                   │       │               │
│                             :50001│ :50002│ :50003│ :50004│ │
│                              TCP  │  SSL  │  WS   │  WSS  │ │
└──────────────────────────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼────────┘
                               │       │       │       │
                        ┌──────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴──┐
                        │   Electrum-NMC / Web browsers    │
                        │   (remote clients)               │
                        └──────────────────────────────────┘

§Binary Verification: Guix Signatures

The script doesn’t just download and run binaries. It clones namecoin/guix.sigs and performs three verification steps:

1. Reproducibility check — Multiple independent builders compile Namecoin Core from source using Guix (a deterministic build system). Each builder publishes a noncodesigned.SHA256SUMS file listing the SHA-256 hash of every build artifact. The script diffs all of these against each other. If they’re byte-identical, the build is reproducible: independent people got the exact same binary output from the same source.

2. GPG signature verification — Each builder signs their SHA256SUMS with their personal GPG key. The script verifies each .asc detached signature. If you haven’t imported the builder’s key, it tells you the fingerprint so you can:

gpg --keyserver hkps://keys.openpgp.org --recv-keys <FINGERPRINT>

3. SHA-256 hash match — The downloaded tarball is hashed and compared against the attested value. A match means your binary is identical to what the builders independently compiled.

This is the gold standard for verifying open-source binaries. You’re not trusting the download server — you’re trusting the reproducible build process and the builders’ GPG identities.

§The Deployment Script

Usage:

chmod +x deploy-namecoin-electrumx.sh
sudo ./deploy-namecoin-electrumx.sh [--skip-core] [--skip-electrumx] [--testnet] [--tor]

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# deploy-namecoin-electrumx.sh
#
# Deploys a verified Namecoin Core 28.0 node + Namecoin ElectrumX (protocol-1.4.3-v1)
# accessible to Electrum-NMC clients over the internet on Debian.
#
# Usage:
#   sudo ./deploy-namecoin-electrumx.sh [--skip-core] [--skip-electrumx] [--testnet]
#
# Prerequisites:
#   - Debian 12 (bookworm) or later, freshly installed
#   - Root or sudo access
#   - At least 20GB free disk (SSD strongly recommended)
#   - At least 4GB RAM (8GB recommended)
#
# What this script does:
#   Phase 1: Downloads Namecoin Core 28.0 binary for your architecture
#   Phase 2: Verifies it against guix.sigs (GPG + SHA256 + reproducibility diff)
#   Phase 3: Installs and configures Namecoin Core as a systemd service
#   Phase 4: Clones, installs, and configures Namecoin ElectrumX (protocol-1.4.3-v1)
#   Phase 5: Generates a self-signed SSL cert and opens firewall ports
#   Phase 6: Optionally configures a Tor hidden service
#
# After running, Namecoin Core will begin syncing the blockchain. ElectrumX will
# start indexing once the daemon is caught up. Full sync takes hours to days
# depending on hardware.

set -euo pipefail
export LC_ALL=C

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  Configuration — edit these before running
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

NMC_VERSION="28.0"
NMC_DOWNLOAD_BASE="https://www.namecoin.org/files/namecoin-core/namecoin-core-${NMC_VERSION}"
GUIX_SIGS_REPO="https://github.com/namecoin/guix.sigs.git"
ELECTRUMX_REPO="https://github.com/namecoin/electrumx.git"
ELECTRUMX_BRANCH="protocol-1.4.3-v1"

# RPC credentials — CHANGE THESE
RPC_USER="nmcrpc"
RPC_PASS="$(head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64 | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | head -c 32)"

# Network
NET="mainnet"
ELECTRUMX_TCP_PORT=50001
ELECTRUMX_SSL_PORT=50002
ELECTRUMX_WS_PORT=50003
ELECTRUMX_WSS_PORT=50004

# Directories
NMC_DATADIR="/home/namecoin/.namecoin"
ELECTRUMX_DBDIR="/home/electrumx/db"

# Parse arguments
SKIP_CORE=0
SKIP_ELECTRUMX=0
SETUP_TOR=0
for arg in "$@"; do
    case "$arg" in
        --skip-core) SKIP_CORE=1 ;;
        --skip-electrumx) SKIP_ELECTRUMX=1 ;;
        --testnet) NET="testnet" ;;
        --tor) SETUP_TOR=1 ;;
        --help|-h)
            echo "Usage: sudo $0 [--skip-core] [--skip-electrumx] [--testnet] [--tor]"
            exit 0
            ;;
    esac
done

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  Helper functions
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
BLUE='\033[0;34m'
NC='\033[0m'

info()  { echo -e "${BLUE}[INFO]${NC}  $*"; }
ok()    { echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NC}    $*"; }
warn()  { echo -e "${YELLOW}[WARN]${NC}  $*"; }
fail()  { echo -e "${RED}[FAIL]${NC}  $*"; exit 1; }

check_root() {
    if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
        fail "This script must be run as root (use sudo)"
    fi
}

detect_arch() {
    local machine
    machine="$(uname -m)"
    case "$machine" in
        x86_64)  ARCH="x86_64-linux-gnu" ;;
        aarch64) ARCH="aarch64-linux-gnu" ;;
        armv7l)  ARCH="arm-linux-gnueabihf" ;;
        riscv64) ARCH="riscv64-linux-gnu" ;;
        ppc64)   ARCH="powerpc64-linux-gnu" ;;
        *)       fail "Unsupported architecture: $machine" ;;
    esac
    NMC_TARBALL="namecoin-${NMC_VERSION}-${ARCH}.tar.gz"
    NMC_URL="${NMC_DOWNLOAD_BASE}/${NMC_TARBALL}"
    info "Detected architecture: $ARCH"
}

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  Phase 0: Install system dependencies
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

install_deps() {
    info "Installing system dependencies..."
    apt-get update -qq
    apt-get install -y -qq \
        gnupg curl wget git \
        python3 python3-pip python3-dev python3-venv \
        build-essential libleveldb-dev libssl-dev \
        openssl \
        > /dev/null 2>&1
    ok "System dependencies installed"
}

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  Phase 1: Download Namecoin Core binary
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

download_core() {
    local workdir="/tmp/namecoin-deploy"
    mkdir -p "$workdir"
    cd "$workdir"

    if [[ -f "$NMC_TARBALL" ]]; then
        info "Tarball already exists: $NMC_TARBALL"
    else
        info "Downloading Namecoin Core ${NMC_VERSION} for ${ARCH}..."
        wget -q --show-progress "$NMC_URL" -O "$NMC_TARBALL" \
            || fail "Download failed. Check your architecture and network."
        ok "Downloaded $NMC_TARBALL"
    fi
}

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  Phase 2: Verify against guix.sigs
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

verify_guix_sigs() {
    local workdir="/tmp/namecoin-deploy"
    cd "$workdir"

    info "Cloning guix.sigs repository..."
    if [[ -d guix.sigs ]]; then
        cd guix.sigs && git pull -q && cd ..
    else
        git clone -q "$GUIX_SIGS_REPO"
    fi

    local sigdir="guix.sigs/${NMC_VERSION}"
    if [[ ! -d "$sigdir" ]]; then
        fail "No guix.sigs found for version ${NMC_VERSION}"
    fi

    # Collect all signers
    local signers=()
    for d in "$sigdir"/*/; do
        [[ -d "$d" ]] && signers+=("$(basename "$d")")
    done

    if [[ ${#signers[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
        fail "No attestations found in $sigdir"
    fi
    info "Found ${#signers[@]} attestation(s): ${signers[*]}"

    # ── Step 1: Reproducibility check ──
    # All signers' SHA256SUMS files must be byte-identical.
    # This proves the build is reproducible: independent builders got the same output.
    info "Checking reproducibility (all attestations must be identical)..."
    local reference="${sigdir}/${signers[0]}/noncodesigned.SHA256SUMS"
    local repro_ok=1
    for signer in "${signers[@]:1}"; do
        local current="${sigdir}/${signer}/noncodesigned.SHA256SUMS"
        if ! diff -q "$reference" "$current" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
            warn "MISMATCH: ${signers[0]} vs $signer — SHA256SUMS files differ!"
            repro_ok=0
        fi
    done
    if [[ $repro_ok -eq 1 ]]; then
        ok "Reproducibility check passed: all ${#signers[@]} attestations are identical"
    else
        fail "Reproducibility check FAILED — builds are not identical across signers"
    fi

    # ── Step 2: GPG signature verification ──
    # Each signer's .asc is a detached GPG signature over their SHA256SUMS.
    # We try to verify each one. If the public key isn't in our keyring,
    # we warn but don't fail — the user may only trust specific signers.
    info "Verifying GPG signatures..."
    local gpg_good=0
    local gpg_unknown=0
    for signer in "${signers[@]}"; do
        local sums="${sigdir}/${signer}/noncodesigned.SHA256SUMS"
        local sig="${sums}.asc"
        if [[ ! -f "$sig" ]]; then
            warn "No .asc for signer '$signer', skipping"
            continue
        fi

        # Try to verify; capture output
        local gpg_out
        if gpg_out=$(gpg --batch --verify "$sig" "$sums" 2>&1); then
            ok "GPG signature VALID for signer: $signer"
            gpg_good=$((gpg_good + 1))
        else
            if echo "$gpg_out" | grep -q "No public key"; then
                warn "GPG key not in keyring for signer: $signer"
                warn "  Fingerprint from signature:"
                echo "$gpg_out" | grep -oP 'RSA key \K[A-F0-9]+' | head -1 | sed 's/^/    /'
                warn "  Import with: gpg --keyserver hkps://keys.openpgp.org --recv-keys <FINGERPRINT>"
                gpg_unknown=$((gpg_unknown + 1))
            else
                warn "GPG signature FAILED for signer: $signer"
                echo "$gpg_out" | sed 's/^/    /'
            fi
        fi
    done

    if [[ $gpg_good -eq 0 && $gpg_unknown -eq ${#signers[@]} ]]; then
        warn "No GPG keys in keyring — cannot verify signatures."
        warn "The SHA256 hashes still match across all signers (reproducibility OK)."
        warn "For full verification, import at least one signer's GPG key and re-run."
        echo ""
        echo "  Signers who attested to this build:"
        for signer in "${signers[@]}"; do
            local sig="${sigdir}/${signer}/noncodesigned.SHA256SUMS.asc"
            local fpr
            fpr=$(gpg --batch --verify "$sig" "${sig%.asc}" 2>&1 | grep -oP 'RSA key \K[A-F0-9]+' | head -1 || true)
            echo "    $signer  (key: ${fpr:-unknown})"
        done
        echo ""
        read -rp "Continue anyway with SHA256 verification only? [y/N] " reply
        [[ "$reply" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]] || fail "Aborted by user"
    elif [[ $gpg_good -gt 0 ]]; then
        ok "GPG verification: $gpg_good valid signature(s)"
    fi

    # ── Step 3: SHA256 hash verification ──
    # Check the downloaded binary against the attested hashes.
    info "Verifying SHA256 hash of downloaded binary..."
    local expected_hash
    expected_hash=$(grep "$NMC_TARBALL" "$reference" | awk '{print $1}')
    if [[ -z "$expected_hash" ]]; then
        fail "Binary '$NMC_TARBALL' not found in SHA256SUMS"
    fi

    local actual_hash
    actual_hash=$(sha256sum "$workdir/$NMC_TARBALL" | awk '{print $1}')

    if [[ "$expected_hash" == "$actual_hash" ]]; then
        ok "SHA256 match: $actual_hash"
        ok "Binary verification PASSED"
    else
        fail "SHA256 MISMATCH!\n  Expected: $expected_hash\n  Got:      $actual_hash"
    fi
}

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  Phase 3: Install and configure Namecoin Core
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

install_core() {
    local workdir="/tmp/namecoin-deploy"
    cd "$workdir"

    info "Installing Namecoin Core ${NMC_VERSION}..."

    # Extract
    tar xzf "$NMC_TARBALL"
    local extracted="namecoin-${NMC_VERSION}"

    # Install binaries
    install -m 0755 -o root -g root \
        "${extracted}/bin/namecoind" \
        "${extracted}/bin/namecoin-cli" \
        "${extracted}/bin/namecoin-tx" \
        /usr/local/bin/

    # Also install namecoin-qt if present (headless servers won't use it)
    if [[ -f "${extracted}/bin/namecoin-qt" ]]; then
        install -m 0755 -o root -g root "${extracted}/bin/namecoin-qt" /usr/local/bin/
    fi

    ok "Binaries installed to /usr/local/bin/"

    # Create user
    if ! id -u namecoin &>/dev/null; then
        adduser --disabled-password --gecos "" namecoin
        ok "Created user: namecoin"
    fi

    # Configure
    mkdir -p "$NMC_DATADIR"

    local rpc_port=8336
    local p2p_port=8334
    local nmc_conf="${NMC_DATADIR}/namecoin.conf"

    if [[ "$NET" == "testnet" ]]; then
        rpc_port=18336
        p2p_port=18334
    fi

    cat > "$nmc_conf" <<NMCCONF
# Namecoin Core ${NMC_VERSION} configuration
# Generated by deploy-namecoin-electrumx.sh

# Network
$([ "$NET" == "testnet" ] && echo "testnet=1" || echo "# mainnet")
server=1
listen=1
txindex=1

# RPC
rpcuser=${RPC_USER}
rpcpassword=${RPC_PASS}
rpcallowip=127.0.0.1
rpcbind=127.0.0.1

# Performance
dbcache=450
maxmempool=300

# Logging
printtoconsole=0
NMCCONF

    chown -R namecoin:namecoin "$NMC_DATADIR"
    chmod 600 "$nmc_conf"
    ok "Configuration written to $nmc_conf"

    # Store RPC credentials for ElectrumX to read later
    echo "${RPC_USER}:${RPC_PASS}:${rpc_port}" > /tmp/namecoin-deploy/rpc-creds
    chmod 600 /tmp/namecoin-deploy/rpc-creds

    # systemd service
    cat > /etc/systemd/system/namecoind.service <<NMCSVC
[Unit]
Description=Namecoin Core Daemon
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=namecoin
Group=namecoin
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/namecoind -daemon -conf=${nmc_conf} -datadir=${NMC_DATADIR}
ExecStop=/usr/local/bin/namecoin-cli -conf=${nmc_conf} -datadir=${NMC_DATADIR} stop
TimeoutStopSec=600
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=30
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
NMCSVC

    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl enable namecoind
    systemctl start namecoind
    ok "Namecoin Core started and enabled"

    # Wait briefly and check
    sleep 3
    if systemctl is-active --quiet namecoind; then
        local blockcount
        blockcount=$(su - namecoin -c "namecoin-cli -conf=${nmc_conf} getblockcount" 2>/dev/null || echo "connecting...")
        ok "Namecoin Core is running (blocks: $blockcount)"
    else
        warn "Namecoin Core may still be starting up — check: journalctl -fu namecoind"
    fi
}

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  Phase 4: Install and configure ElectrumX
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

install_electrumx() {
    info "Installing Namecoin ElectrumX (${ELECTRUMX_BRANCH})..."

    # Read RPC creds
    local rpc_creds
    if [[ -f /tmp/namecoin-deploy/rpc-creds ]]; then
        rpc_creds=$(cat /tmp/namecoin-deploy/rpc-creds)
    else
        # Fallback: ask
        echo "RPC credentials file not found."
        read -rp "RPC user: " RPC_USER
        read -rsp "RPC password: " RPC_PASS; echo
        read -rp "RPC port [8336]: " rpc_port_input
        rpc_creds="${RPC_USER}:${RPC_PASS}:${rpc_port_input:-8336}"
    fi
    local rpc_user rpc_pass rpc_port
    IFS=: read -r rpc_user rpc_pass rpc_port <<< "$rpc_creds"

    # Create user
    if ! id -u electrumx &>/dev/null; then
        adduser --disabled-password --gecos "" electrumx
        ok "Created user: electrumx"
    fi

    # Clone repo on the correct branch
    local exdir="/home/electrumx/electrumx"
    if [[ -d "$exdir" ]]; then
        cd "$exdir"
        git fetch -q origin
        git checkout -q "$ELECTRUMX_BRANCH"
        git pull -q origin "$ELECTRUMX_BRANCH"
    else
        su - electrumx -s /bin/bash -c \
            "git clone -b ${ELECTRUMX_BRANCH} ${ELECTRUMX_REPO} ${exdir}"
    fi
    ok "Cloned ElectrumX on branch: $ELECTRUMX_BRANCH"

    # Python venv and install
    info "Setting up Python virtual environment..."
    su - electrumx -s /bin/bash -c "
        cd ${exdir}
        python3 -m venv venv
        source venv/bin/activate
        pip install --upgrade pip > /dev/null 2>&1
        pip install . > /dev/null 2>&1
    "
    ok "ElectrumX installed in venv"

    # Pin websockets<11 — required for WS/WSS transport
    # websockets >=11 removed the legacy WebSocketServerProtocol API that
    # aiorpcX depends on, causing immediate 1011 close on any WS connection.
    # See: https://github.com/namecoin/electrumx/pull/1
    info "Pinning websockets<11 for WebSocket transport compatibility..."
    su - electrumx -s /bin/bash -c "
        cd ${exdir}
        source venv/bin/activate
        pip install 'websockets>=6.0,<11' > /dev/null 2>&1
    "
    ok "websockets pinned (<11) — WS/WSS transport enabled"

    # Create DB directory
    mkdir -p "$ELECTRUMX_DBDIR"
    chown electrumx:electrumx "$ELECTRUMX_DBDIR"

    # Generate self-signed SSL certificate for Electrum-NMC clients
    info "Generating self-signed SSL certificate..."
    local ssl_dir="/home/electrumx/ssl"
    mkdir -p "$ssl_dir"
    openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -sha256 -nodes \
        -x509 -days 3650 \
        -keyout "${ssl_dir}/server.key" \
        -out "${ssl_dir}/server.crt" \
        -subj "/CN=namecoin-electrumx" \
        2>/dev/null
    chown -R electrumx:electrumx "$ssl_dir"
    chmod 600 "${ssl_dir}/server.key"
    ok "SSL certificate generated"

    # ElectrumX configuration
    local daemon_url="http://${rpc_user}:${rpc_pass}@127.0.0.1:${rpc_port}/"

    cat > /etc/electrumx.conf <<EXCONF
# Namecoin ElectrumX configuration
# Generated by deploy-namecoin-electrumx.sh
#
# Branch: ${ELECTRUMX_BRANCH}

COIN=Namecoin
NET=${NET}
DB_DIRECTORY=${ELECTRUMX_DBDIR}
DB_ENGINE=leveldb
DAEMON_URL=${daemon_url}

# Services — accessible from the internet
# tcp: plaintext Electrum protocol (port ${ELECTRUMX_TCP_PORT})
# ssl: encrypted Electrum protocol (port ${ELECTRUMX_SSL_PORT})
# ws:  WebSocket (port ${ELECTRUMX_WS_PORT}) — for browser clients
# wss: WebSocket over TLS (port ${ELECTRUMX_WSS_PORT}) — for browser clients
# rpc: local admin RPC
SERVICES=tcp://:${ELECTRUMX_TCP_PORT},ssl://:${ELECTRUMX_SSL_PORT},ws://:${ELECTRUMX_WS_PORT},wss://:${ELECTRUMX_WSS_PORT},rpc://

# SSL
SSL_CERTFILE=${ssl_dir}/server.crt
SSL_KEYFILE=${ssl_dir}/server.key

# Advertise to peer discovery (edit with your public hostname/IP)
# REPORT_SERVICES=tcp://YOUR_PUBLIC_IP:${ELECTRUMX_TCP_PORT},ssl://YOUR_PUBLIC_IP:${ELECTRUMX_SSL_PORT}
# REPORT_HOST=YOUR_PUBLIC_IP

# Performance
CACHE_MB=1200
# EVENT_LOOP_POLICY=uvloop

# Rate limiting — set to 0 for private use, or leave defaults for public
COST_SOFT_LIMIT=0
COST_HARD_LIMIT=0

# Logging
LOG_LEVEL=info
EXCONF

    chmod 600 /etc/electrumx.conf
    ok "ElectrumX configuration written to /etc/electrumx.conf"

    # Increase file descriptor limits
    if ! grep -q "electrumx" /etc/security/limits.conf 2>/dev/null; then
        echo "electrumx soft nofile 8192" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
        echo "electrumx hard nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
    fi

    # systemd service
    cat > /etc/systemd/system/electrumx.service <<EXSVC
[Unit]
Description=Namecoin ElectrumX Server (protocol-1.4.3-v1)
After=network.target namecoind.service
Requires=namecoind.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/electrumx.conf
ExecStart=${exdir}/venv/bin/python3 ${exdir}/electrumx_server
User=electrumx
Group=electrumx
LimitNOFILE=8192
TimeoutStopSec=30min
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=30

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EXSVC

    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl enable electrumx
    systemctl start electrumx
    ok "ElectrumX started and enabled"

    sleep 3
    if systemctl is-active --quiet electrumx; then
        ok "ElectrumX is running"
    else
        warn "ElectrumX may be waiting for Namecoin Core to sync — check: journalctl -fu electrumx"
    fi
}

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  Phase 5: Firewall
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

configure_firewall() {
    info "Configuring firewall..."

    # Namecoin P2P
    local p2p_port=8334
    [[ "$NET" == "testnet" ]] && p2p_port=18334

    if command -v ufw &>/dev/null; then
        ufw allow "$p2p_port"/tcp comment "Namecoin P2P" > /dev/null 2>&1 || true
        ufw allow "$ELECTRUMX_TCP_PORT"/tcp comment "ElectrumX TCP" > /dev/null 2>&1 || true
        ufw allow "$ELECTRUMX_SSL_PORT"/tcp comment "ElectrumX SSL" > /dev/null 2>&1 || true
        ufw allow "$ELECTRUMX_WS_PORT"/tcp comment "ElectrumX WS" > /dev/null 2>&1 || true
        ufw allow "$ELECTRUMX_WSS_PORT"/tcp comment "ElectrumX WSS" > /dev/null 2>&1 || true
        ok "UFW rules added"
    elif command -v iptables &>/dev/null; then
        iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport "$p2p_port" -j ACCEPT 2>/dev/null || true
        iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport "$ELECTRUMX_TCP_PORT" -j ACCEPT 2>/dev/null || true
        iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport "$ELECTRUMX_SSL_PORT" -j ACCEPT 2>/dev/null || true
        iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport "$ELECTRUMX_WS_PORT" -j ACCEPT 2>/dev/null || true
        iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport "$ELECTRUMX_WSS_PORT" -j ACCEPT 2>/dev/null || true
        ok "iptables rules added (not persisted — install iptables-persistent to save)"
    else
        warn "No firewall tool found — manually open ports $p2p_port, $ELECTRUMX_TCP_PORT, $ELECTRUMX_SSL_PORT, $ELECTRUMX_WS_PORT, $ELECTRUMX_WSS_PORT"
    fi
}

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  Phase 6: Optional Tor hidden service
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

setup_tor() {
    info "Setting up Tor hidden service..."

    apt-get install -y -qq tor > /dev/null 2>&1

    # Add hidden service config if not already present
    if ! grep -q "electrumx" /etc/tor/torrc 2>/dev/null; then
        cat >> /etc/tor/torrc <<TORCONF

# Namecoin ElectrumX hidden service
HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/electrumx/
HiddenServicePort ${ELECTRUMX_TCP_PORT} 127.0.0.1:${ELECTRUMX_TCP_PORT}
HiddenServicePort ${ELECTRUMX_SSL_PORT} 127.0.0.1:${ELECTRUMX_SSL_PORT}
HiddenServicePort ${ELECTRUMX_WS_PORT} 127.0.0.1:${ELECTRUMX_WS_PORT}
HiddenServicePort ${ELECTRUMX_WSS_PORT} 127.0.0.1:${ELECTRUMX_WSS_PORT}
TORCONF
        systemctl restart tor
        sleep 5
    fi

    local onion_file="/var/lib/tor/electrumx/hostname"
    if [[ -f "$onion_file" ]]; then
        local onion
        onion=$(cat "$onion_file")
        ok "Tor hidden service: $onion"
        echo ""
        echo "  Add to /etc/electrumx.conf:"
        echo "    REPORT_HOST_TOR=${onion}"
        echo "    REPORT_TCP_PORT_TOR=${ELECTRUMX_TCP_PORT}"
        echo "    REPORT_SSL_PORT_TOR=${ELECTRUMX_SSL_PORT}"
    else
        warn "Tor hostname file not yet created — check: sudo systemctl status tor"
    fi
}

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  Phase 7: Summary
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

print_summary() {
    echo ""
    echo "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
    echo -e " ${GREEN}Deployment complete${NC}"
    echo "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
    echo ""
    echo " Namecoin Core ${NMC_VERSION}"
    echo "   Config:    ${NMC_DATADIR}/namecoin.conf"
    echo "   Data:      ${NMC_DATADIR}"
    echo "   Service:   systemctl status namecoind"
    echo "   Logs:      journalctl -fu namecoind"
    echo "   CLI:       su - namecoin -c 'namecoin-cli getblockchaininfo'"
    echo ""
    echo " ElectrumX (${ELECTRUMX_BRANCH})"
    echo "   Config:    /etc/electrumx.conf"
    echo "   Database:  ${ELECTRUMX_DBDIR}"
    echo "   Service:   systemctl status electrumx"
    echo "   Logs:      journalctl -fu electrumx"
    echo "   TCP:       port ${ELECTRUMX_TCP_PORT}"
    echo "   SSL:       port ${ELECTRUMX_SSL_PORT}"
    echo "   WS:        port ${ELECTRUMX_WS_PORT}"
    echo "   WSS:       port ${ELECTRUMX_WSS_PORT}"
    echo "   SSL cert:  /home/electrumx/ssl/server.crt"
    echo ""
    echo " RPC credentials (saved to /etc/electrumx.conf):"
    echo "   User:      ${RPC_USER}"
    echo "   Password:  (see /etc/electrumx.conf or ${NMC_DATADIR}/namecoin.conf)"
    echo ""
    echo " ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐"
    echo " │  IMPORTANT: Namecoin Core must fully sync       │"
    echo " │  before ElectrumX can index. This takes hours   │"
    echo " │  to days. Monitor with:                         │"
    echo " │                                                 │"
    echo " │    journalctl -fu namecoind                     │"
    echo " │    journalctl -fu electrumx                     │"
    echo " │                                                 │"
    echo " │  Once synced, Electrum-NMC clients can connect: │"
    echo " │    electrum-nmc --oneserver \\                    │"
    echo " │      --server YOUR_IP:${ELECTRUMX_SSL_PORT}:s              │"
    echo " └─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘"
    echo ""

    # Edit REPORT_SERVICES reminder
    echo " To advertise your server for peer discovery, edit /etc/electrumx.conf:"
    echo "   REPORT_SERVICES=tcp://YOUR_IP:${ELECTRUMX_TCP_PORT},ssl://YOUR_IP:${ELECTRUMX_SSL_PORT},ws://YOUR_IP:${ELECTRUMX_WS_PORT},wss://YOUR_IP:${ELECTRUMX_WSS_PORT}"
    echo "   REPORT_HOST=YOUR_IP"
    echo " Then: systemctl restart electrumx"
    echo ""

    # Cleanup
    rm -f /tmp/namecoin-deploy/rpc-creds
}

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#  Main
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────

main() {
    echo ""
    echo "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
    echo " Namecoin Core + ElectrumX Deployment Script"
    echo " Core:      nc${NMC_VERSION} (from namecoin.org)"
    echo " ElectrumX: ${ELECTRUMX_BRANCH}"
    echo " Network:   ${NET}"
    echo "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
    echo ""

    check_root
    detect_arch
    install_deps

    if [[ $SKIP_CORE -eq 0 ]]; then
        download_core
        verify_guix_sigs
        install_core
    else
        info "Skipping Namecoin Core (--skip-core)"
    fi

    if [[ $SKIP_ELECTRUMX -eq 0 ]]; then
        install_electrumx
        configure_firewall
    else
        info "Skipping ElectrumX (--skip-electrumx)"
    fi

    if [[ $SETUP_TOR -eq 1 ]]; then
        setup_tor
    fi

    print_summary
}

main "$@"

Flags:

§What happens under the hood

1. Phase 0 — Installs system dependencies (gnupg, python3, libleveldb-dev, etc.)
2. Phase 1 — Auto-detects CPU architecture, downloads the matching Namecoin Core 28.0 tarball
3. Phase 2 — Guix signature verification (reproducibility + GPG + SHA-256)
4. Phase 3 — Installs namecoind/namecoin-cli to /usr/local/bin/, creates a namecoin system user, writes namecoin.conf with random RPC credentials, starts systemd service
5. Phase 4 — Clones namecoin/electrumx on protocol-1.4.3-v1, installs in a Python venv, configures as systemd service
6. Phase 5 — Generates a self-signed SSL certificate, opens firewall ports (50001 TCP, 50002 SSL, 50003 WS, 50004 WSS)
7. Phase 6 — Optional Tor hidden service setup

§Post-Deployment

After the script finishes, Namecoin Core begins syncing the blockchain. Once caught up, ElectrumX starts indexing.

Monitor progress:

# Namecoin Core sync
su - namecoin -c 'namecoin-cli getblockchaininfo' | grep -E 'blocks|verificationprogress'

# ElectrumX indexing
journalctl -fu electrumx

Test WebSocket from browser or CLI:

# WSS (recommended for production)
echo '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"server.version","params":["test","1.4"],"id":1}' | \
  websocat --insecure wss://YOUR_IP:50004

Connect from Electrum-NMC:

# SSL (recommended)
electrum-nmc --oneserver --server YOUR_IP:50002:s

# Via Tor
electrum-nmc --oneserver --server YOUR_ONION:50001:t --proxy socks5:127.0.0.1:9050

§WebSocket Transport (WS/WSS)

WebSocket is the only Electrum transport available to browser-based clients — browsers cannot open raw TCP/TLS sockets. If you want web applications to query your ElectrumX server directly (for example, noStrudel resolving .bit Namecoin NIP-05 identities), WS/WSS must work.

§The websockets version fix

The protocol-1.4.3-v1 branch declares aiorpcX[ws]>=0.18.3,<0.19 which pulls in the websockets Python package. However, neither aiorpcX nor ElectrumX pins an upper bound on websockets. A fresh pip install resolves to websockets 15.x, which completely rewrote the server handler API — the legacy WebSocketServerProtocol coroutine-based handler that aiorpcX uses was removed in websockets 11.0.

Result: WS/WSS connections upgrade successfully (HTTP 101) but immediately close with code 1011 (internal error) on any JSON-RPC frame. TCP and TLS work fine — only WebSocket is broken.

Fix: Pin websockets>=6.0,<11. The deployment script does this automatically. If you installed manually:

cd /home/electrumx/electrumx
source venv/bin/activate
pip install 'websockets>=6.0,<11'
sudo systemctl restart electrumx

See namecoin/electrumx PR #1 for the full analysis.

§Verify WebSocket connectivity

# Test WS (plaintext)
echo '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"server.version","params":["test","1.4"],"id":1}' | \
  websocat ws://localhost:50003

# Test WSS (encrypted) — skip cert verify for self-signed
echo '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"server.version","params":["test","1.4"],"id":1}' | \
  websocat --insecure wss://localhost:50004

§Requirements

• Debian 12+ (Ubuntu 22.04+ also works)
• 20 GB free disk (SSD strongly recommended)
• 4 GB RAM minimum (8 GB recommended)
• Root access

Supported architectures: x86_64, aarch64, armv7l, riscv64, ppc64.

§Links

• PR: namecoin/namecoin.org#749
• Deployment script: deploy-namecoin-electrumx.sh
• Namecoin Core: namecoin.org/download
• Namecoin ElectrumX: github.com/namecoin/electrumx (branch: protocol-1.4.3-v1)
• WebSocket fix: namecoin/electrumx PR #1 — pin websockets<11 for WS/WSS transport
• Browser use case: noStrudel PR #352 — Namecoin NIP-05 resolution in browser
• Guix signatures: github.com/namecoin/guix.sigs

Run your own infrastructure. Verify your own binaries. Trust the math, not the server.