Iran’s underground rebuilding tests the limits of the ceasefire

Iran’s underground rebuilding tests the limits of the ceasefire
Iran is reportedly using the reduced intensity of fighting with the United States and Israel to rebuild parts of its missile capability and advance work at a fortified nuclear complex. The central contrast is between Tehran’s apparent ability to recover under pressure and the limits that earlier strikes and a U.S. naval blockade may still impose.

Reports cited by Brazilian right-leaning outlets say missile assembly has resumed at underground facilities, including the Khojir complex, using components already held in stock. The production reportedly includes both liquid-fuel missiles, which must be fueled shortly before launch, and solid-fuel weapons that can be stored ready for use. Tal Inbar of the Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance argued that the pause in bombing creates an opening to repair and restock: “It is necessary to be extremely naive to think that Iran is not rebuilding its missile-production capabilities.”

That recovery is not portrayed as unlimited. Damage to industrial plants and constraints on importing parts are said to have forced Iran to rely largely on existing inventories, producing fewer missiles than before the war. Still, one military analyst cited in the report said Iran’s missile resilience had exceeded initial U.S. expectations, pointing to its retained ability to launch attacks and draw on air-defense interceptors.

A parallel concern is Pickaxe Mountain, or Kuh-e Kolang, near Natanz. Satellite and aircraft imagery assessed by the Center for Strategic and International Studies reportedly shows its heaviest recorded activity, shifting from excavation toward likely internal construction and continued external reinforcement. The site’s tunnels, roughly 100 meters below ground in solid granite, could be difficult to destroy even with bunker-busting weapons.

U.S. President Donald Trump said Washington had “noticed” activity at Pickaxe and warned Iran against further moves. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu similarly said Iran was trying to restore a nuclear-weapons capability and pledged to prevent it. The reports frame those warnings against Iranian claims that damaged military systems have been rebuilt, with alleged outside support from Russia and China helping sustain that effort.

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