Ethiopia at War: Rebel Alliances, Regional Rivalries and the Battle for Tigray

Ethiopia is experiencing widespread conflict involving the federal government, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), and numerous other rebel groups. An alliance of seven opposition groups, including the TPLF and Oromo Liberation Army, has formed to establish a transitional administration. Meanwhile, regional tensions are escalating with accusations between Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, and Egypt, as the US urges respect for sovereignty.

• Heavy fighting occurred between Ethiopian government forces and the TPLF in Tigray.
• An alliance of seven armed opposition groups, including the TPLF and Oromo Liberation Army, has formed to seek the replacement of the current government.
• The Oromo regional administration accused the TPLF and Eritrea of responsibility for attacks that killed Orthodox Christians.
• The TPLF’s grievances include the perceived non-implementation of the Pretoria Agreement and the presence of Amhara forces and Eritrean soldiers in Tigray.
• Fano rebels, excluded from peace talks, launched a rebellion in Amhara, claiming disputed districts.
• Regional tensions are high, with Ethiopia accusing Eritrea, Sudan, and Egypt of backing rebel alliances, while these countries accuse Ethiopia of supporting internal conflicts.
• The US has warned the TPLF against continuing its offensive and urged Horn of Africa countries to respect sovereignty.
• Disputes over sea access and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) add to regional friction.